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Italy
Italy is one of the leading two wine producers around the world. The Greeks planted vineyards in Italy starting 800 BC, calling the country "Oenotria" or "The country of the vineyards". Until 476 AC, when The West Roman Empire was disbanded, all modern wine regions of Europe, except Bordeaux, were settled. According to the ancient texts of Old Plinius from the first century after Christ, the Romans introduced the basics of selecting parcels and grafting, things relevant till present.
Although the area is known primarily for the fashion industry and the financial, Lombardy produces two well known wines. The first one from the Nebbiolo grape, grown at the border with Switzerland, in the Valtellina DOC and Valtellina Superiore DOCG. The second one is Sforzato, produced on the East of Milan, in the Franciacorta DOCG appellation, known for sparkling wines.
Abruzzo is situated in the East of Lazio. This is the region which produces only two types of grapes - Montepulciano and Trebbiano the two corresponding appellations -Montepulciano d'Abruzzo and Trebbiano d'Abruzzo being both DOC.
Campania is one of the regions in the South of Italy, which stretches along the Tyrrhenian Sea, at the mouth of the Garigliano River all the way to the Gulf of Policastro. It is also the region with the most DOCG appellations. The best known grape Aglianico with it’s appellation Taurasi DOCG – the suthern Barolo. Other important grapes are Fiano di Avellino and Greco di Tufo.
Emilia-Romagna
Friuli-Venezia Giulia is the region situated in the eastern part of Italy, at the Slovenian border. Here, the vineyards benefit from contrast of the two air blasts, one from the Alps and the other one from the Adriatic Sea. The most important appellation of the region is Grave del Friuli DOC, with mostly red wines. The Refosco grape is the outstanding one. The other two appellations are Orientali del Friuli and Collio, both DOC, and the most important grapes for white wines are Collio, Friulano,Malvasia and Ribolla Gialla.
Le Marche is a relatively small region, mountainous and extremely beautiful, being synonymous with Verdicchio, a grape from which white wine is produced and it’s appellation Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi DOC. Conero DOCG and Rosso Piceno DOC are two appellations for red wine, based on the well-known grape Montepulciano.
In Italian, Piedmont means “Foot of the mountain”, the Alps greatly influencing the wines produced here. The vineyards lie at the foot of hills surrounding Turin, the region’s capital. Most of the DOC and DOCG wines are produced in more than 50 different appellations. Also, the region is well known for it’s red wines, especially for Barolo, Barbaresco and Nebbiolo.
The southern wine region and of the islands of Sardinia and Sicily, is the third viticulture region of Italy. Also, the tradition of the Mediterranean winegrowers of producing high alcohol percentage sweet wines, powerful red wines, special wines (Marsala), as well as a significant amount of dry quality wines, is continued in here.
Sicily is located in the extreme South of Italy, being also the largest winegrowing region of the country. It is known for its large quantity of table wines produced, less than 1% being DOC (IGT Sicilia). Specific grapes from the region are the Nero di Avola, Inzolia and Catarratto.
The most northern Italian region is extremely mountainous and only 15% of the surface may be cultivated (in the River Adige’s Valley). It is a politically autonomous region and on the label are generally written both German and Italian names. Red wines are produced come from Schiava and Lagrein grapes and the white ones, very flavored, from Pinot Grigio, Traminer Aromatico and Pinot Bianco.
Tuscany is the most famous winegrowing region of Italy, also considered the most beautiful one. 6 of the Italian DOCG appellations are here, as well as the famous Super Tuscans. The coastal area, with low altitudes, enjoys the maritime influence, which favors the specific types of Bordeaux grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc and Petit Verdot. Most of the characteristic Tuscan white wines appellations are produced here, the significant ones being Chianti DOCG (the most exported Italian wine), Chianti Classico DOCG, Brunello di Montalcino DOCG and Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG.
Umbria’s relief and climate are very similar to Tuscany’s, less the influence of the sea. One of the most important grapes is Sagrantino and the appellation is Sagrantino di Montefalco DOCG.
Veneto is the region that produces the largest quantity of wine in Italy and also the largest DOC area. Two of the most important wines, Soave and Valpolicella, are exported from here. The vineyards embrace the Dolomite Hills’ bases from Lake Garda to the North of Venice, the richest winegrowing regions being around Verona.
Although the area is known primarily for the fashion industry and the financial, Lombardy produces two well-known wines. The first one is from the Nebbiolo grape, grown at the border with Switzerland, in the Valtellina DOC and Valtellina Superiore DOCG. The second one is Sforzato, produced on the East of Milan, in the Franciacorta DOCG appellation, known for sparkling wines.
